White Lotus Aromatics Newsletter - Jasmin sambac 3, April 30, 2002
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Jasmin sambac 3
Dear Friends-
Today we will be exploring the wonderful Jasminum sambac plant, flower, its essence etc. I have written a lot about it in the past and you can refer to the newsletter and article on the internet to enjoy further information.
http://www.whitelotusaromatics.com/newsletters/31jasminsambac.html
http://members.aol.com/parijata/jasmin.html
It is variously known as Motia(Pearl), Mogra, and Moonlight of the Grove in India and in its beautiful form and fragrance one can uncover many treasures regarding Indian culture.
Essential Oil Related News from India
Ramakant Harlalka, my fragrance mentor, travels extensively in India on essential oil related works. He and one of his dear colleagues, Dr. Mohan Maheshwari have recently been instrumental in designing appropriate distillation equipment for Geranium and Lavender which are now being grown in Himachal Pradesh on a commercial level. That equipment has been constructed and installed for this years harvest. Ramakant has been attending a series of conferences on the essential oil industry in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarkhand(a newly created state that use to be part of Uttar Pradesh). There is a growing interest in organic horticultural and even people in the highest level of government are supporting the implementation of organic gardening practices. Ramakant is working very hard to help design appropriate and affordable distilling equipment and encouraging people working at every level of the industry ot implement organic gardening practices. It is a long road ahead but it is very exciting to see this type of interest growing in India.
At a recent conference in Palampur, Himachal Pradesh he met farmers who had established 50 acres of Rosa damascena using organic methods. They are going to increase the area of cultivation to several hundred in years to come. They have also started distilling the oil using the traditional methods of hydrodistillation, copper vessels etc
Traditional Rose Otto of India(Ruh Gulab)
Ramakant is now devoting a lot of time to in-depth analysis of Ruh Gulab("Ruh" means "Pure Essence" and "Gulab" literally means the "water of The Flower(The Flower being the Rose)" In the traditional hydrodistillation process using copper vessels, etc the oil produced is almost free of stearoptenes which comprise 20-30% of the rose oil coming from countries like Bulgaria. Stearoptenes are the waxy substances which cause the rose otto to congeal when the temperatures become a little cool. They have little odor value but on the other hand have some fixative value in the Bulgarian material which is also very lovely. When I started my business I was able to get a small amount of Ruh Gulab but the price became so high that I stopped offering it. Prices have come down a bit as there is now increased production in North India, but still one can expect to pay about $275 an ounce for this soft, warm, radiant, sweet roseaceous material. I hope to start carrying it again this year as many customers loved this precious oil from India very much.
Sandalwood Update
As you already know from earlier e-mails I was able to procure 40 kilos of the most lovely sandalwood oil that I have personally encountered to date. I had hoped to be able to get more but with all of Ramakant's best efforts it could not be done.
The sandalwood oil available through official channels is now on hold as the distillery has to try to renew their permit and already the prices have gone up another 40% in the local market. One of Ramakant's friends went to the distillery to procure oil for the domestic consumption and in the entire stock of the forest department disitllery there was only 6 kilos of material.
In Kannauj were at least 6 sandalwood distilleries were operating officially and unoffically, the doors are all closed as no more production is going on even for the domestic market. Ramakant was just in Kannauj for a conference and this was the report of his own experience. Such a thing has not been seen in recent times. It means that almost all production of traditional attars which use sandalwood has come to a halt. There is still some production happening of attars but they are using a synthetic chemical base-DiOctyl pthalate which has good adsorbent qualities but is after all a synthetic base and can never substitute for the rich qualities of sandalwood.
Here is Ramakant's report-
"Situation on Sandalwood is becoming bad to worse as prices have gone by >30-35% in last 6-8 weeks after you got
material.When I was at Kannauj I was listening a lot on same as it is becoming scarce day by day.I heard that price in auction was quated 40% higher than last....Most of the factories in Kannauj were closed and there was no chance that they will start operation in near future. Same is true with other factory around Kanpur,Chennai etc. Even Govt. Sandal factory has no stock as confirmed by one of my frineds who went there with cash to purchase oil and he only got 5 kg. as stock was only 6 kg. with them....
Although many seminars discuss on this issue but it seems there is no immediate solution on same. Adulteration in open market is becoming more and more sophisticated as many people are managing such adulterant so that it passes physico chemical test which is basic requirment for Agmark however careful GC analysis on multidimentional equipment can detect same very easily. Due to such shortage many people in open market are developing there own grade of oil and trying to take advantage of ignorance of coustomer.We are getting many such sample analysed at many labs and sharing experience among scientific comunity level. It is better to be very cautious of such material which may be routed through many trader or brokers channel who hardly have facility for detecting
adulteration.
In absence of Sandalwood many distillers are processing same flower with base material as DOP (Di Octyl pthalate) which is a high boiling chemical so has good adsorption power.These DOP based attar is sold at 1/10 th price of attar as replacecment for synthetic fragrance. Seeing situation of Sandal and subsequently based attar industry I was
very disappointed and felt very sorry for flowers which are going to come on these earth. One idea struck to mind based on success of Champa based massage oil is wether these flower can be used for making massage oil ? There was no harm in trying as we saw very good result in Champa,Parijatak,Ginger lilly flower already due to constant effort of Urmila. So next day when Manoj Awasthi took me to Kanpur we purchased few cans of Coconut and Sesamee seed oil.Trials will be taken on both oil with these two flower to begin with in Kannauj.Here in Bombay also we have started our trial with Sesame seed as we found with improved process we can avoid fermantation in case of Champa in coconut.We are
taking many batch on repeated level as demand for same is increasing due to it's unique result after massage.We are getting few thousands of champa flower daily in Mumbai which fills our whole house full of fresh
Champaka odor."
There is something about jasmine that captures with special intensity the incandescence and luminosity, the simplicity and innocence of childhood. Is it its starlike whiteness? Is it the trembling delicacy of its blossom hovering over its stem and leaves almost like a dream? Is it its ephemeral beauty, its long-lasting sweet fragrance, its generous yielding of flowers every single day of summer? Whatever it is, thereÕs something about the jasmine that takes me to places where I
have to leave words behind, to the places where I have left my childhood, places that continue to invade my dreams ‹ in the setting of my earliest memories. In my past. There, there is jasmine; plenty of it; in abundance; in profusion. I grew up with it. The hot summer sun. Dust in the air. And suddenly, the jasmine. Likefresh snow; like a mind untainted by questions. Like certainty.
Õ Farzaneh Milani, Iranian author
Technical Description of Jasminum sambac
Jasminum sambac (Linnaeus) Aiton, Hort. Kew. 1: 8. 1789. †ï˘Ȭ mo li hua Nyctanthes sambac Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 6. 1753. Shrubs erect or scandent, to 3 m. Branchlets terete or slightly compressed, sometimes hollow, sparsely pubescent. Leaves opposite, simple; petiole 2-6 mm, articulate, pubescent; leaf blade orbicular to elliptic or obovate, 4-12.5 ? 2-7.5 cm, papery, glabrous except for tufted hairs at vein axils abaxially, both ends blunt, sometimes base subcordate; primary veins 4-6 on each side of midrib. Cymes terminal, (1 or)3(or 5)-flowered; bracts subulate, 4-8 mm. Flowers very fragrant. Pedicel 0.3-2 cm. Calyx glabrous or sparsely pubescent; lobes 8-9, linear, 5-7 mm. Corolla white; tube 0.7-1.5 cm; lobes oblong to suborbicular, 5-9 mm broad. Berry purple-black, globose, ca. 1 cm in diam. Fl.May-Aug, fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 26*.
"The tiny white flowers of the Arabian jasmine beam shyly in the night. Borne on new twigs, they display their purity from June to September before the first frost. Each flower lasts 12-20 hours The flower buds begin to open at dusk, climaxing between 9 and 10 o'clock at night."
China's Rare Flowers Wang Jiaxi and MaYue
Varieties
Jasminum sambac is usually accepted as commercial jasmine which is a shrub. There are three types in jasminum sambac. (1) Single flowered Arabian jasmine.
This is the most commercial type, which bears flowers profusely.
(2) Semi double type of jasmine called Dontara Malle.
3) The fully double small floweredArabian jasmine (Boddu Male) also called as the grand duke of Tuscany.
http://www.aphorti.com/Jasmine.htm
www.plantoftheweek.org/week077.shtml
Beautiful image
http://www.thebeadsite.com/SEAC-03.html
garlands
Components
Inspiration for Jasmin perfumes comes from the constituents identified in natural Jasmin; Benzyl Acetate, Benzyl Alcohol and cis-Jasmone give the fruity aromatic jasmin qualities, Linalool and Farnesol give the flowery character and Methyl
Anthranilate and Indole give the narcotic animalic backgound. Whilst the above few materials will pass as a jasmin they do little justice to the natural absolute
with its 300 plus other components.
Harvest
The layers will start flowering from 2 nd year after planting and the commercial yields commence from third year onwards. The Jasminum sambac varieties flower profusely in summer and also in rainy season (i.e March-August) while climbing types (Jatimalli) will flower throughout the year, with peak flowering in june - july.
The yield of flowers per hectare in 2500 - 3000 kg in sambac (i.e about 200 g/bush) and 3000 - 4000 kg/ha,in climber (Jatimalli i.e 200 - 250 g/vine). Since the jasmine flowers are highly perishable and have to be disposed off in the market within few hours after. The Sambac variety has a higher Linalool level and more green notes from the family of cis-3-Hexenol esters.
http://www.perfumersworld.com/flowers/jasmi.htm
A visit to a South Indian Flower Market
(In September of 1999 we made a visit to South Indian Flower Market in the City of Madurai, Tamil Nadu State. Our hosts there were the main purveryors of Jasmin sambac in that fascinating capitol of this special flower. . I hope this journal extract will give the reader some sense of the experience0
After enjoying a wonderful time by the pond we returned to the hotel for breakfast. Finishing our delectable morning buffet, we next proceeded to the Madurai flower market. We had to enter this market through narrow alley ways
where vegetable vendors plied there wares. Hundreds of thousands of people in India earn their daily wages by sitting along the road selling vegetables, fruits and flowers. There earnings are small compared to Western standards, but they are each engaged in a meaningful activity which gives their lives dignity and purpose. It is quite a thrilling experience to be surrounded by such a hum of activity. One is engulfed in a sea of humanity in such bazaars.
Entering the flower market our kind hosts made some space in the back of their booths where we could see how fresh flowers were bought and sold. The air was filled with the sweet aroma of marigolds, marjoram, davana, jasmin
sambac, roses, and several other flowers. Hundreds of farmers were pouring into the various booths to sell their several kilos of flowers. Accountants sat cross legged on the ground noting down the name of the person, the amount
of flowers delivered, and the sum to be paid. Everything was transacted on the spot. On the other side, customers were eagerly scooping up the fresh flowers as they came in. Many were being purchased for making garlands and
hair ornaments as well as for wedding celebrations. A good amount was being purchased for use in the temples. Jammed together as we all were we also felt the vibrant life force present there. Our hosts circulated bunches of aromatic herbs and flowers for us to smell. The outer scene was exactly opposite to the serene beauty of the lotus ponds but at its core was a
similar exhilaration.
There was so much life, power and beauty there all focused around the theme of fragrant flowers. It got a little crazy from my perspective as the natural desire to explore the market overtook our group. People started wandering off in all directions to photograph and video this vibrant scene. How could one resist? We hardly ever encounter such scenes in the Western world and one wishes to drink in such unique experiences with every particle of their attention.
Visit to a Floral Extraction Unit
After a good afternoon rest we boarded the bus to travel to the extraction facility of our Madurai hosts. As well as being very active in the fresh flower market both locally and in many parts of Tamil Nadu, they had developed a state of the art extraction facility for producing floral concretes. The flower market contains many yearly ups and downs according to the festivals and auspicious times for marriage in the Hindu calender year. When marriages and festivals are at their peak, the prices of flowers skyrocket and are entirely consumed in their fresh form. But their are several days during the bloom seaason when flowers are not in much demand and at such times the prices radically drop. It is on such days that the
flowers are brought to the factory and made into concrete. That way there is waste of this precious commodity.
Fresh Flower Production
The quantam of flowers delt in on a normal day for fresh flower consumption or for extraction is a staggering amount for this family. They normally see
from 4 to 14 metric tons per day of freshly plucked Jasmin sambac flowers.
Over 2000 farmers regularly sell them their flowers. It is an inconceivable
amount of hand plucked blossoms. So even if there are relatively few days
when no festival or marriage is taking place, there is still a huge amount of
flowers to be processed during the year. Another interesting thing to note is
that the Jasmin sambac of the Madurai region is considered the finest in the
world. The conditions for growing the flower are perfect and so the fragrance
that develops within them is of the finest quality. The flower is grown in
many other regions of India, but it cannot compare with the Madurai Jasmin.
This has been born out by careful analysis of the oil wherein high
concentrations of the aromatic molecules which give the absolute its
exquisite bouquet are found only in the Madurai Jasmin sambac.
Harvesting the Buds and Time of Odor
On the way to the factory, we stopped at the farm of one of the members of their extended family and enjoyed the experience of walking about fields of
plants with the delicate white buds beginning to swell for picking on the
following day. As the days harvest had already been done there were only a
few flowers of picking size. At any rate Jasmin sambac has to be plucked up
only when the buds have reached the point when they are just about to pop
open. On that day they are gathered and brought to the factory where they
begin to open after 7:00 PM and continue to give off their finest odor till
3:00 AM. After that they are still quite fragrant but the subtle head space
molecules have evaporated and only the sweet base notes remain.
Gracious Hosts
During our visit to the family farm a lively interaction began to develop
between the people working there and our traveling companions. It was a
delightful and spontaneous connection which provided much happiness to
everyone. I had secretly hoped that such a thing would occur but there is no
way to artifically force this to happen. It requires a unpretentious openess
of heart for people of different cultures to intermingle in this way. The
Indian people, especially in rural areas have this childlike innocense with
them through every stage of their life and their eyes light up when they
receive any sort of acknowledgement from people like us. As we had been
several day on the road gradually replacing the impressions of our everyday
lives with the soft and gentle impressions of an ancient land, the lotus of
the heart had begun to open within each one of us and I think it was quite
natural that this connection should occur. Nonetheless it was a true miracle
to see how this universal flow of energy was so quickly established. It is an
unspoken heart to heart feeling of unity which far transcends any outer
appearances. As if nature was approving this coming together of East and
West, a shimmering sunset graced the evening sky with ethereal colors
illuminating the landscape.
In another section of the factory we found spread on the floor thousands of
Jasmin sambac blossoms that were just beginning to open, thus filling the air
with their angelic essence. It was altogether a heady experience that
transported one into a happy reverie where one could hardly focus on the
world as we know it.
Healing Power of Flowers
From the farm we proceeded to the factory where we were greeted with the site
of white lotus blossoms spread on the floor in preparation for extraction.
One could only take these delicate petals in hand with great reverence for
they had graciously consented to have their essence extracted for some good
cause. I think it is of great importance that we learn to bow our head in
reverence before the plants for the wonderous aromatic jewels they bestow
upon us. Often times we get caught up in the end products and forget that
every beautiful oil has its origin in an living plant. It takes many many
flowers to make even the tinest amount of oil and it is our responsibility to
learn how to thank the plants properly. This cannot happen overnight but must
begin with our good intentions and then as time passes grow into an acutal
inner awareness of our connection with all forms of life. Many people are
involved in using aromatic plants and their oils for various therapeutic
applications but the oils themselves are but one part of the healing circle.
They are beautiful and healing in their own right, no doubt, but if the
person using them is able to bow their head in reverence to the plants for
the great gift of their fragrant essence which can only be extracted or
distilled from flowers plucked from the mother plant, then I think a
heightened healing energy will be invoked which will benefit both the healer
and the person to be healed. It means that our own lives need to be
undergoing continual transformation so that we can see the world through eyes
enlightened with true humility, forgiveness, mercy and love. The ego must
gradually die away so that we can learn to serve the creation truly. And
there can be no doubt that fragrant flowers are one of the finest means for
one heart to touch another and spark and to breathe into darkness a toucjh of
divinity whereby all sickness begins to be dispelled and the heart becomes
awakened to some new vision of the purpose of life. It is no great mystery
that sickness is often due to lack of connection with ones own innate
goodness. Living in artifical environments the soul becomes despondent and
the mind which should be a tool for expressing higher aspirations begins to
pick up qualities that obscure that natural light which lives within all
things. When the man created enjoyments begin to be substituted for the
simple joys found in nature, there eventually comes a time when a person
feels a tremendous emptiness and sadness because there is no lasting value in
such things, no glimpse of the divine. Sickness of many types is the result
and they all have one purpose and that is to propel the individual to seek
the light within their own heart so that the infinite sea of joy can be
awakened. Few can deny that the smell of a truly beautiful flower or an oil
produced from them acts as an instantaneous reminder of a connection with
life in its most essential form.
Comparative olfactory analysis of Jasminum sambac and Jasminum grandiflorum absolute
"As this world began to unfold for me, I did begin to take notice that Indian people were lovers in fragrance in many different forms. Food was cooked with
aromatic spices, balsamic incense was constantly being burned to create a nice atmosphere, garlands strung with highly aromatic flowers were woven to celebrate
religious and social occasions, along with many other fragrant traditions which lent a simple elegance to everyday and special occasion life. Perhaps the most
widely used of all the exotic flowers was Jasmin sambac and without realizing it, I began to imbibe a wonderful dimension of Indian culture simply by inhaling
the aroma of this simple yet elegant flower whose floral bouquet consists of many "themes" all distinct yet interconnected. In giving an account of this essence I
know my words will fall short but some attempt must be made which can be supplemented at a later time by people more adept at this type of description.
The opening notes of Jasmin sambac impress me as being heavy and sweet with a richness and depth that immediately draw one into the realm of profound
mystery. The first impression of Jasmin grandiflorum is by my estimation, much more soft and sweet, in a sense more ethereal and light. As the essence of Jasmin
sambac unfolds it reveals a sultry exotic warmth as if it was a vessel in which the rays of the tropical full moon were condensed and these rays were in turn
transmuted into invisible fragrant exudations. The buds, in fact, open around 11 PM and the fullness of the odor permeates the atmosphere in darkest hours of
the night. The warmth and sweetness of Jasmin grandiflorum on the other hand, is the gentle warmth of a fresh morning with buds softly opening to greet the
beauty of the new day. They seem to be a crucible opening their elegant petals from which soft gentle aromatic light rays flow. The time of their unfolding is just
before dawn and their ethereal perfume is at its peak just as the sun rises. As the aromatic theme of Jasmin sambac develops, one can detect very pronounced
fruity notes intermingling with ones shared with the orange flower complex. It is truly the "Queen of the Night".
As Jasmin grandiflorum resides into her base notes, one can pick up refined herbaceous, fruity notes which sometimes remind one of aromatic tea. I would call
Jasmin grandiflorum, "Queen of the Dawn". Fragrance can act as a superb means of cultural transmission if that particular flower is a part of the inner heritage of
the country where it is found growing. In this regard, I do think that the essences of flowers coming from different localities in the world can produce a
"connection" with other times and places if we allow them to "act" upon us without to much interference from our rational mind.(Easier said than done!!!)
http://members.aol.com/parijata/jasmin.html
Olfactory properties of Jasmin sambac/Motia Attar
The traditional attar produced by hydrodistillation of the flowers of Jasmin sambac into sandalwood over a period of 15 days is a unique essence in itself.. One first of all has to consider that after that 15 days process there is a concentration of 3-5 of the pure hydrodistilled oil in sandalwood. This is a different process than the solvent extraction of the flowers by conventional methods to produce the absolute.
In the traditional distillation the Jasmin sambac flowers are distilled at night under gentle pressure for 8 hours until the early morning. As sandalwood is the base the aromatic molecules get adsorbed into an oil that has its own soft rich, precious notes and as the period of distillation is long(8 hours) the flower has a chance to release all its essence in a slow manner.
The resulting product presents a soft, sweet and radiant dimension of the Jasmin sambac complex. The somewhat intense indolic notes that one often finds in a good Jasmin sambac absolute are not at all present in the Jasmin sambac/Motia Attar.
Definitely one can enjoy the wonderful sultry, exotic and complex jasmin-sweet-fruity dimensions of the flower but because of the base it is in there is a wonderful roundness, richness and delicacy also present.
The attars are in the true sense, a ready to wear essence that require no futher dilution as one should certainly consider doing with the absolute. But I think it is very important to realize that one would not get the same type of essence by mixing the 5% of the absolute with the sandalwood. Definitely one would get a lovely essence but there is something unique to the process of the traditional 15 day distillation which captures wonderful notes that can only be appreciated by careful study.
In India
the ZAMBAK, or ARABIAN JASMINE (J. Sambac), is an evergreen white-flowered climber, 6 or 8 feet high, introduced into Britain in the latter part of the seventeenth century. Two varieties introduced somewhat later are respectively three-leaved and
double-flowered, and these, as well as that with normal flowers, bloom throughout the greater part of the year.
The Hindus string the flowers together as neck garlands for honoured guests. The flowers of one of the double varieties are heldsacred to Vishnu and are used as votive offerings in Hindu religious ceremonies.
At Ghazipur, a town on the Ganges, Jasmine, there called Chameli, is used mainly for making perfumed hair oils by a process of enfleurage. The odour is absorbed in sesame seeds. The seeds are prepared by washing and rubbing, and when decorticated are dried. The prepared seeds and flowers are placed in alternate layers and allowed to remain for twelve to fourteen hours. The seeds are then separated from the flowers and repeatedly treated in the same way with fresh flowers. The spent flowers are used over and over again with fresh till seeds, these latter giving oil of an inferior quality. The oil obtained from seeds treated with fresh flowers only is the best. The perfumed seeds are pressed in an ordinary wooden country press borne by bullocks..... Some Otto of Jasmine is also made at Ghazipur.
In Borneo it is the custom among the women to roll up Jasmine blossoms in their well-oiled hair at night.
http://www.herbalmedicinebag.com/jasmine.htm
History of Jasmin sambac
It arrived in the Philippines in pre-recorded times, most likely as an item of barter or gift on board trade boats plying the South China Sea.
It was said that a Chinese emperor of the Sung dynasty had sampaguita in his palace grounds so he could enjoy its fragrance.
In the 1400s, jasmine was planted for kings of Afghanistan, Nepal and Persia. Since ancient times, jasmine of the olive family oleaceae, was cultivated for its essential oils.
Varieties of jasmine, like J. grandiflorum, especially used in perfume, found their way to places across the seas -- beginningfrom areas along the Arabian Sea, such as Persia and India then crossing the Red Sea into Egypt. They reached into the territory around the Aegean Sea into Turkey and Greece. And, they spread to areas along the Mediterranean Sea from Africa through Egypt, Algeria and Morocco -- reaching Western Europe through Spain in 1600, and France and Italy.
Sampaguita was used as far back as five centuries for hair ornamentation in India and China -- and later, in the Philippines as well. In China, sampaguita, paired with another variety, flavors jasmine tea, food and wine, and symbolizes the sweetness of women.
In the Philippines a type of jasmine called sampaga was described as early as 1698 when Ignacio Mercado, a Filipino-Spanish mestizo and Augustinian monk, first wrote about its medicinal use in the Declaracion de las virtudes de los arboles y plantas que estan en este libro. In translation, Mercado said that the leaves of the sampaga (which has bigger flowers than sampaguita) made a wonderful syrup to comfort the heart. The vapor was a good cure for asthma.
Flora de Filipinas, which appeared in 1837, was the first scientific study of Philippine flora by another Augustinian, Manuel Blanco. In translation he wrote that flowers of Nyctanthes Sambac alone, without soap, could be used to wash fine
white clothes -- leaving a very fine scent.
Referring to Swedish botanist Linnaeus, he wrote that the natives of India used the young leaves and flowers to make a putty, which was mixed and eaten with rice to dry scabies and other skin eruptions.
http://store.escalate.com/store/turoturo/reviews2.jsp
Medicinal and Therapeutic Uses of Jasmin sambac flower and plant
Local Names: Malli (Oriya) Uses of Jasmin sambac in rural India Description of the Plant: Herb. Flower colour white. Flowers in May / June. Frequently occurs in
planes.
Plant Parts Used: Root / Flower. Healthcare Properties: 1.Grind the flowers of Jasminum sambac and extract the juice. Apply this juice on wounds or sores
once daily until cures. (S-6) [OR-2-2-1287] 2.Labour pain: Put a piece of root of Jasminum saimbac on plait to relief from labour pain during delivery. (H-4)
[OR-4-2-181] (or) Grind the roots of Jasminum sambac into a paste. Mix this paste with 25 ml unboiled cow milk. Apply this solution on abdomen to relief from
labour pain. (S-16) [OR-1-1-99]
http://www.mssrf.org/fris9809/Fris1218.html
Jasmin sambac in Ayurveda
The roots along with leaves are useful in ophthalmopathy. The leaves are useful in skin diseases, ulcers and fever. The flowers are bitter, acrid, refridgerant,
alexipharmic, opthalmic, purgative and lactifuge. They are useful in vitiated conditions of pitta, ophthalmophathy, pruritus, cephalalgia, otopathy, stomatopathy,
leprosy, ulcers, fever, vomiting, hiccough, insanity and glactorrhoea." Indian Medicinal Plants Volume 3
Medicinal Uses in China
"The root is used in China to treat headaches, insomnia, and pain due to dislocated joints and broken bones; it is reported to have anaesthetic properties..Several Jasminium species have been used in cancers"
Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in food Drugs and Cosmetics Albert Y. Leung
Medicinal Uses in Borneo
Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait. (Oleaceae); Piring-Piring; SAN 142084. Young leaf is boiled and the infusion, about 150 ml 3 times daily is taken for about 3 weeks, to
treat gallstones. Root is boiled and the infusion, about 150 ml. 3 times daily is taken for about 3 weeks, to treat diabetesmellitus.
http://www.borneofocus.com/vaic/R&D/article13.htm
Medicinal Uses in Phillipines
Sampaguita Jasminum sambac (Linn.) Aiton Common names: kampupot (Pamp., Tag.); kulatay (Pamp.); lumabi (Mag.), malur (Sil.); manul (Bis.); pongso
(Pamp.); sampaging (Pamp.); sampagita (Sp., Fil.); malul (Mag.)
Folkloric uses: Fever, abdominal distention and diarrhea; redness and swelling of the eyes; sprains
and fractures.
http://stuartxchange.com/OtherHerbals.html